Inoculate safely for vaccine

Inoculate safely for vaccine
It is sturdy to know the real situation, " this needle " Just security staff reporter Ge burnt dawn such as special correspondent such as peak such as cloud would rather north of Shanxi Province loess plateau of early spring, barely warm but still cool. April 23, Shaanxi Province the intersection of Yanan and the intersection of city and the intersection of Zhidan and the intersection of town and the intersection of sand and dishes of sub the intersection of village and rural the intersection of doctor and Xue, security personnel of county, cherish so clearly as to get up early, it is his customary public affair of every month this day - -Carry on the public health and know the real situation for day of the investigation. He finish breakfast hurriedly, put down lower bowl, " the intersection of public health and the intersection of job and system know the real situation register " that tape make by oneself rush to the intersection of house and ditch Han outside the 5. The investigation knows the real situation on the way to the Han 's ditch from house to house, Lao Xue tells reporters, he began as is Measles Vaccine if the barefoot doctor studies the first stitch made in intramuscular injection in 1975, the immune rule has been an important content that he has worked all the time. "The immunization campaign must be defended assuaring personnel go on by the speciality with qualification. The rural doctor's main task is to propagate and educate, investigate that knows the real situation, tell the baby to inoculate in time now. " Lao Xue think though immunization campaign to come, play by him in needle this, work known the real situation to investigate sturdy, concern directly " This needle " Security. "Doctor Xue has come, enter the room and have a meal. " Just entered the gateway of the village, the hospitable fellow-villager took the initiative and greeted with Lao Xue. Which young married woman of house cherish baby and which young man marry wife and whose 's baby should play thimble of epidemic prevention These are main contents that they chat, it is the situation that he should know too. Villager work Wan rise a bit getting anxious to ask Lao Xue: "For the previous period, after the 2 -year-old son has hit Bacillus Calmette-Guerin, the ranging from small hang-ups of arm, are there things? " HuaiQing Xue come, work Wan rise in the house, looks over the child's situation carefully, tell parents to finish playing the normal response behind vaccine like this, needn't worry, and explain the matters relating to paying attention to when making vaccine to them in detail. Put to the trouble of wife Wang ShiLan who rises Wan and say: "Very getting serious doctor Xue, baby, when should hit vaccine ing, he each time can phone, notify we. " Wan rise family come out, Xue cherish clear to hold, know the real situation registration form go on the investigation from house to house from work. Some villagers go to work in the fields, several go out to work as a temporary labourer. He finds a group leader and finds out about these households' situation. He go on item by item verifying, registering the intersection of house and the intersection of ditch and 35 situation of household Han, make the whole the intersection of village and 126 age, mother and child care, immunization campaign of people, join person who shut state very clear. Lao Xue says: "Registered the content of the statistical form like situation that I knew last time, 6 babies were born this year. 6 baby these focal point of job, want, notify parents bring up children get to defend protecting and standing to hit thimble of epidemic prevention per month. " The counterpart's Deputy Secretary of Zhidan county hospital Bai ChengHu says, the beginning of the eighties of last century, Lao Xue eight town, at the intersection of village and medicine, it is the whole county that plan, go on, build medicine of village that Carlos files according to age bracket by immune target while being only by village by pieces of Taiwan in dawn still. At that time, county two of township have cold chain, he get behind the vaccine going on, inoculating to immune target on the way immediately, have guaranteed the prescroption of vaccine. Some villagers are right to hit " Preventive inoculation " Do not understand, he always explains the knowledge of preventing disease for them patiently; Go out or have the intersection of taboo and disease to children, he register on the books all it, carry on the second time, follow the trail of the immunity for the third time. By 1996, the whole village children under the age of 15 including floating population nobody suffers from the immunity and plans infectious disease that vaccine prevents. Villagers have experienced and hit conscientiously " Preventive inoculation " Advantage,village immunity rate of vaccine inoculation planneds the whole getting above 98% to more keep throughout the year. One of floating population have already been close to when can't touch little bottom noon, go on the ditch roof beam of the Han 's, have a panoramic view of in the loess plateau where the length and breadth of land is desolate. Lao Xue points to the ditch ditch Mao Mao at a distance to introduce, there are 7 natural villages in all in a sub village of sand, among them 4 villages are on three roof beams and in two ditches, other 3 villages are on Sichuan one near the county town. Touched bottom once in the past, by taking nearly one weeks on foot, in recent years, every village is open to the traffic, the job of last week can be finished in one day now. "But the work at present can be more difficult than before have been done. There are 894 permanent resident population in the village, and floating population is up to more than 2000 people. Reside at 41 children, 276 floating children registered on the books at present permanently. Focal point and difficult point of work whether these flow children, want, guarantee, let these go, inoculate on time by first baby. " How to let the public health management of the whole village normalize? This is drawing from Beijing in 2005 " National outstanding rural doctor " After the honor, the question that Xue HuaiQing has been thinking deeply. Combining the working practice, he successively" invented " " whether the intersection of public health and the intersection of job and system know the real situation register ", " the the intersection of immunization campaign and registration form of knowing the real situation ", " whether children know the real situation registration form healthily 0~36 month " and " the the intersection of reproduction age and table of knowing the real situation before the pregnant woman ", " whether floating population know the real situation, spend famous registration form ". Not knowing the computer tabulation, he gets the typing department foots a bill to draw by oneself. During these years, finishing form cost 3000 more than, and his monthly public health have 300 yuan to subsidize only. Practice has proved, this set of forms that Lao Xue designed are really effectual. In the afternoon of April 23, the reporter carries on child's investigation of flowing and knows the real situation with him. In renting the intersection of household and new gentle family Su, new gentle the intersection of immunization campaign and behind the a verification situation of daughter Su Lao Xue, input " the the intersection of immunization campaign and registration form of knowing the real situation ", register accurate inoculation time under inoculating the time column. Can clearly see the number of times of vaccine inoculation in the table; Inoculate time; Should plant people; " inoculate the card " and leak situation of kind,etc.. Lao Xue says, this table can be regarded as the identification basis of the person who inoculate and notified the basis of inoculating of the person who inoculates in time, have solved the person, card, card of floating population, inoculated unit's unified problem effectively. Here is in the world " The cleanest " Place's staff reporter Meng celebrate being general Chengdu the institutes of biological products is largest second brain vaccine production base, a domestic a first 23 price pneumonia vaccine production bases domestic at present. Should be on a mountaintop that the factory is located in Chengdu southeast corner of Sichuan Province. On April 18, on the reporter opens Deputy Director Yao Ya on door of the office, he is up to one's eyes in work. "Second brain vaccine workshop of construction, is planning to apply for national GMP to authorize according to the request of World Health Organization. " He two say staring at the computer screen, " more than 5 years, invest nearly 800 million yuan, newly build 11 factory buildings, reconstruct the management system of quality, all these things are in order to guarantee the quality of vaccine. " The workshop is built and manage and carry out the international standard in order to let the reporter have an ocular feeling on production environment of vaccine strictly, passing some " Dress up " , " disinfection " And then, Yao YaFu is leading reporter into second brain vaccine workshop. Chengdu began newly-built second modernized brain vaccine workshop in 2006. "Build from the workshop Have to control measures, must carry out according to the international standard strictly. " Yao YaFu says, for example, installs the apparatus after fitting up at that time in the workshop, there is a dry paint on the wall, the expert of foreign side requires that must dismantle the good and sound apparatus after finding, get once again, the reason " may go mouldy in the future, may become pollution sources " . "The vaccine workshop, it is one of the cleanest places in the world. " Yao YaFu says, it is generally several million to several ten million that the dust in each cubic meter of ordinary air is counted. In a relatively airtight vaccine workshop, purify the rank and require per cubic meter of dust particle greater than or equal to 0.5 microns at most and should be smaller than 100. "According to the needs of craft, there are different requirements on cleanliness in different workshops which produces stage. Some key areas forbid strangers to enter. " Yao YaFu says. Putting on disinfecting white overall, a set of good shoe cover, disposable cap, then after two are closed the door, reporters have visited raw materials storing, vaccine the workshop of packaging etc.. And experimental animal train, the intersection of cell and gather, the intersection of vaccine and the intersection of person who can and workshop, can only control, watch or through the glass door. Preparing and gathering the workshop in cells, the reporter sees, staff members enter the workshop through closed-circuit control, the first is closed to wash hands, should even scrub clean carefully with the brush to mean sewing. In order to prevent staff members from turning over a new leaf netly, dispose special detecting instrument in the workshop. Staff members are on the instrument regularly " Put one's fingerprint " ,Then through the instrument, see whether will train bacteria. 5 are closed to prepare from raw materials to list wanting at least "If produce and liken to plant the crops second brain vaccine, the virus dealt with is the seed, the soil letting the seed grow up strong and sturdy is cells, the middle will join various fertilizer (the adjuvants) . " Department that guarantees quality (QA) of Chengdu Manager Meng Li tells reporters, " second brain vaccine is prepared from the raw materials to list finally, pass 5 strict examination at least " . The first step is to prepare cells. Cells are taken from the kidney of the experimental animal SPF ground mouse. What is called the intersection of SPF and mouse, refer to the intersection of person who have particular pathogen and mouse, commonly called as " the health place mouse to have infectious disease " . 2003, the ground mouse's population which accorded with World Health Organization's requirement set up of Chengdu, vaccine uses mouse's production of ground of such high clean rank. Under at environments clean, wash, sterilize, dissect mouse kidney,digest, disperse cell with after cultivation, prepare into cells, so far " soil " Finish preparing. Next " Seed " ,The primitive seed is criticized and assayed the institute to prepare, assay, keep by the Chinese medicines biologicals lying in Beijing. The primitive seed is made safe, effective virus original liquid by certain craft. Check aseptically, virus drip degrees of qualified original liquid add into cane sugar, lactose,etc., protect pharmaceuticals subsequently, make semi-manufactured goods, it is transferred to and assigned to loading one through the airtight transshipment pot after being qualified that carry on once again and sample assaying. "Every step has a strict requirement, and special messenger must sign. " Meng Li says. Divide, load room inside, vaccine produce finish the last procedure: Package and freeze and do. "Freeze vaccine do, assay qualified inside us first, give in Beijing examining instituting, assaying and then. After assay qualified, vaccine is sent to all parts of the country through the cold chain system. " Meng Li says with a smile finally, " for many years, it has been 100% all the time that our vaccine criticized and issued the qualification rate. " Imprison graceful old dawn staff reporter finally list, fine vaccine " the whole country last year go on Measles Vaccine strengthen the immunity, our department should sign vaccine of fifty or sixty batches each day, get to the end, going home takes chopsticks hands to all shiver. " Remember in that period of time, Li ChangGui states outright, " the vaccine should supply more than 100 million children to use, you say big responsibility. " ChangGui Li assay research institute the intersection of Chinese and the intersection of food and medicines ' Former Nat'l Pharmaceutical Biological Products Control Inst) The biologicals examine the Deputy Director of the room of virus three of place. The department that he belongs to is mainly responsible for the test of virus and vaccine of the herpes virus, diagnosis reagent of respiratory tract. Vaccine, Measles Vaccine of 2010 will be to finish measuring in his department finally that first in 2009 flows, criticized and issued certificate of quality before being merchandized. " we adhere to the highest tightest standard " "Our country criticizes the security standard of issuing the system and presuming to not merely integrate with world, the end item is even higher than international average level. " Li ChangGui says, but even meet the national standard, will not " release to vaccine easily " to examine the institute either in ones that check on people finally before being listed as vaccine ,But carry on quality control with the achievable supreme level of the present stage, minimize the risk. One day, while verifying the Measles Vaccine materials, there are very great differences in the quantity that Li ChangGui found virus quantity and laboratory that enterprises examined by oneself were measured. To lead, report, ChangGui Li start the intersection of department and the second echelon, go on examining to these batch of vaccine independently again immediately, the data that must be published twice are all the same. Carrying on many wheels and analyzing, discussing, after confirming that it is accurate and effective to measure the result, Li ChangGui contacts vaccine manufacturing enterprise in time. Finally, the manufacturing enterprise proposes destroying this batch of vaccine with the quality risk voluntarily. "Every step operation was operated according to the standard operation procedure strictly, the reason why start the second echelon, examine independently again, it is for guaranteeing the test result is perfectly safe. " Li ChangGui says. It is reported, last year, China examined the institute and issued 40 manufacturing enterprises (domestic 32 among them together, 8 foreign families) 51 variety of production, it is 5004 vaccine altogether, check, publish not up to standard the intersection of vaccine and 20, amount to 3,110,000 the intersection of people and copy. Technology really up to the mark could hold and turn off to Li ChangGui while responsible for desk work, scientific research has occupied him for great majority of time and energy too. "Without technological reserve, prospective to study, once meet new vaccine, and how to check on? " In Li being long to seem while being expensive, related to vaccine quality this, relation it assays work to be initiative passive too. In April of 2009, first type H1N1 influenza will begin to spread worldwide. At the beginning of June, the vaccine manufacturing enterprise of our country is after receiving the poisonous one of standard that World Health Organization offers in succession, face a common difficult problem: Can get the reference product that the vaccine that WHO offer measured until the end of July. Without consulting products, it is very difficult that finishing vaccine that the government promised stores the task before October 1. In this case, the scientific research personnel of room three of virus adopt and prepare corresponding standard material in place of the method, set up the quantitative detection method of antigen of vaccine, guide vaccine enterprises and formulate vaccine, thus flow for first our country vaccine list valuable time to strive for at least one more than month. "In fact, middle examines institutes and works and permeates through each link that vaccine researches and develops, first Smooth research and development of vaccine flows, is listed, prove again it is correct that we do scientific research, we are sure that will go down firmly in this road. " Li ChangGui says. The immunity is planned " The pivot " In busy bee's staff reporter pieces of Hao old for horse,full name FuBao Ma, disease be prevented and cotrolled to Jiangsu Province? Does it take Pao A whore ������ to walk? Seniority of 8 years. "From January of this year to March, summarize last year's working effect, make plan and scheme of that year, there are materials not finishing writing and meeting that can not hold; From April to June, diseases such as epidemic encephalitis, nettle rash, measles of Jiangsu,etc. take place high, want supervising and guiding and emergency processing, the scene that can't finish going and difference not happening; , there are one that can not be finished giving and lesson that can not finish; From October to December, measure the vaccine inoculation result of those years, there are samples that can not be finished adopting and experiment that can not finish. This is one year of mine, it is an ordinary affair to begin to be busy for one week and can not go home. " Lao Ma says. A busy April of afternoon measles and nettle rash of Jiangsu Province sends the moon high, also the busy moon of the old horse. In the afternoon of April 20, and report to " leave " in the telephone from the statistic Determining it is which go peripheral to read some inoculations horse. Old Malaysia reach, lie in the intersection of Nanjing and the intersection of city and the intersection of drum and one of block inoculate some - -Overseas Chinese's community health Center on the way, the child inoculating here every year exceeds 6000. Look through after counting the note one by one the old horse finds: This inoculate, deactivate inoculation of vaccine, count, reduce malicious vaccine to be high than one hepatitis A by some class II hepatitis A. This inoculates some persons in charge explain, economic conditions and knowledge level of peripheral child's parents are relatively high, there are more ones that demanded to use and charge and import vaccine voluntarily. "Class II vaccine at one's own expense is not better than a kind of free vaccine, what free vaccine inoculation reflected is national public health service, stop to recommend to parents and charge vaccine in order to seek profit. The department of public health of the province stipulates clearly, should carry out strictly. " The old horse discontended with substitution rate emphasizes repeatedly. Came out from overseas Chinese's way community health Center, the old horse rushed for and presented Nanjing market Qixia District of the measles case recently immediately. "Do not rest assured about the immune situation of meeting an urgent need very much. " The old horse explains. Accuse of the centre at disease in the district of Qixia, after the immune inoculation example of meeting an urgent need of old horse's hearsay is counted and has not still met the qualification, worry very much, lead provinces, cities and autonomous regions to be tertiary to count, exempt staff member rush for, revitalize garden community right away. Revitalize the garden is located in the fringe areaing, the flowability of resident population is high, a lot of temporary workers do not " catch a cold " to vaccine inoculation . Old horse that visit from house to house deny entrance in succession, even someone cry " family have people " in room . "Go to the scene to know how difficult the work of the basic unit is the most only in person. " The old horse says with deep feeling to the reporter. The battle of wits is caught " The little devil " Provincial disease accuse of department since country make policy, city and whom county pursue a policy contact the pivot, also the vaccine manufacturing enterprise and vaccine applying unit inoculate the deployment station clicked. "On the key position, will learn ' deal with by intelligence ' with upper and lower front and back each sides soon while coordinating the relation. " Lao Ma says. One day in July of 2009, Lao Ma will receive a telephone which parentses made of Suzhou to reflect, the child goes to inoculate " Whooping cough, diphtheritis and tetanus " Vaccine is told hour " There is not vaccine " . "The emergency has appeared? " The old horse gambling comment inquires that learns, saved disease not long ago and accused of just allotting a batch of vaccine to Suzhou, Suzhou the intersection of city and disease accuse of department find, express the intersection of company and ice raft lowered the temperature to use for, already totally melt while receiving vaccine, afraid vaccine quality is influenced, send back goods all this batch of vaccine. The old horse carries on negotiations with the vaccine manufacturer immediately, coordinating medicines supervises the department and gets involved, organize investigating the cold chain situation of vaccine of this batch within the range of the whole province at the same time, find more than 2 million and transport vaccine in violation of rules and regulations finally, and all replace. 2010, old horse find this city some some vaccine inoculation of district have one one the intersection of hepatitis A and vaccine put in storage unexpectedly during when for more than two years when one market superintends and checks southern Jiangsu, all use class II vaccine to substitute. Ma FuBao organizes substituting special survey to hepatitis A vaccine of Nanjing, Suzhou, Wuxi and Changzhou 4 cities rapidly. The investigation finds, the inoculation expenses inoculating some partly for the class II vaccine of earning, until " whether vaccine that spend money certainly kind than a free one " , " it is safer than domestic vaccine to import vaccine " When agitating parents to use class II vaccine, even does not stock a kind of seedling at all in the unit that has, force parents to use the class II seedling. To these questions, the old horse runs the training class on one side, emphasizes its national basic public health service item position, issue the documents, stipulate every inoculate the intersection of point and class II vaccine inoculation, count, can't exceed, inoculate 10% that count always, and will inoculate some class II vaccine substituting rate to list in the examination project, tie to unit year-end rank and economic income directly. Through rectifying, by the end of 2010, the substituting rate of the class II seedlings of 4 cities such as Nanjing has obviously dropped, the most common hepatitis A vaccine substituted 60% before this to drop to and fewer than 20%. "In order to guarantee immune planning can implement the national basic public health service policy effectively, the brain cell really dies a many death. See this of mine white the increasingly fast hair. " The old horse talks in professional jargon and says. Looks forward to " system engineering " Always by " deal with by intelligence " It is not a long-term plan after all, have abundant " struggle " for 28 years Experience and " Follow the fashion " Horses old last weapon - -Computer and network. It is great that Lao Ma ponders three " The system engineering " ,In the hope of solving all problems that vaccine accuses of appearing in the compass of competency at disease completely. First, dynamic vaccine and syringe stock movement in and out of the warhouse information management system. Every one inoculates some stock movement in and out of the warhouse situations of recording vaccine and syringe on platform of this system accurately, diseases at all levels accuse of unit's each inoculating some situations in the area under one's jurisdiction of real-time inquiry. Second, the real-time monitoring system of the cold chain temperature of vaccine. Control and contain the whole course of the cold chain in real time, guarantee vaccine quality. Third, the suspected network straight newspaper service systems of the whole people that unusually reacts after immunization campaign. Very automatic classification of the system, accuses of the person in charge of the organization to send out messages to remind to different rank diseases according to the incident severity, raise disease and accuse of organization's getting involved in efficiency. It is reported, the first system has already begun the test run now, will come into operation in the whole province formally in May of this year; The second system has already finished the software and hardware to bid and purchase, has planned to begin to use in May too; The third system has already been listed in Jiangsu Province ' twelve five is planned ', has planned to begin to run next year. "There is help of these Hi-Tech weapons, our efficiency can be improved greatly, immune planning will be more normal too. " Busy bee's old horse To " system engineering " Expectation very high.

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