China's disease accuses of centre's releasing and is able to bear medicine bacterium knowledge question and answer superly

China's disease accuses of centre's releasing and is able to bear medicine bacterium knowledge question and answer superly
On October 26 electric Center for Disease Prevention and Control of China notifies on the 26th three gets up and is infected with and able to bear the pathogenic bacterium's case of medicine superly in www.chinanews.com. It was able to bear medicine bacterium knowledge question and answer that disease accused of centre's releasing on its website a few days ago. 1.What is to able to bear the medicine bacterium? The antibacterial medicine gives play to the role of treating and is infected through killing bacteria, the bacterium, as a kind of organism existing extensively, also can be opposed resisting function of the fungus medicine through the various forms, escape the danger that is killed, this kind resists function to known as " the bacterium is able to bear medicines " ,Known as the bacterium able to bear medicine ability " Able to bear the medicine bacterium " . 2.Where do come from to able to bear the medicine bacterium? Result that it is natural to exist or does the species evolves? Antibacterial medicine belong to the intersection of supersession and product of microorganism mostly, according to according to can produce antibacterial medicine, divide into two kinds microorganism in the nature this, in order to produce the antibacterial medicine microorganism (mainly actinomycetes and chain mould) one kind ,Another kind can't produce the antibacterial medicine (most bacteria belong to this kind) ,These two kinds of microorganisms often appear together in the nature, because the former can produce the antibacterial medicine, ability to kill other bacteria need the ability against fungus medicine resisted oppositely without producing the bacterium against fungus medicine but the advantage of surviving, achieve the goal of extending in the race, it is obvious it is the biological phenomenon that the nature exists in midium or long term that antibacterial medicine and bacterium are able to bear medicines. Studies have suggested the bacterium, bacterium produce antibacterial medicine and bacterium and is able to bear history of medicine even earlier than the human appearance. Found penicillin accidentally when the mankind studied the infective disease treatment medicine, and take this opportunity to be looking for the antibacterial medicine in the nature constantly, or raise antibacterial medicine output and antibacterial effectiveness through the scientific means, cause the intersection of itself and in equilibrium state antibacterial medicine - bacterium able to bear contradiction of medicine destroy, the antibacterial medicine is rising in density such as nature, medical environment, animal's feed lot constantly, there is bacterium able to bear medicine ability that obtains ability able to bear medicine to different antibacterial medicines through constant evolution and variation too, these kind of ability is strengthened in contradiction struggle constantly, the bacterium reaches from able to bear medicines singlying progressively multiply and is able to bear medicines and even suffused with and able to bear medicines, it is able to bear medicines to become super finally, become able to bear medicines to various clinical antibacterial medicines. Therefore, it is a kind of natural phenomena the human intensification that the bacterium is able to bear medicines. 3.Which are there to able to bear the medicine bacterium at present? Because the using extensively of antibacterial medicine, the whole world is able to bear the medicine situation extraordinary and severely, should say all bacteria are able to bear medicine phenomena to find, opposing the totally sensitive bacterium of fungus medicine has hardly existed, but according to the severity able to bear medicine, the ones that can be called and able to bear the medicine bacterium superly are mainly as follows, able to bear golden yellow staphylococcus (MRSA) of west forest of first oxygen Able to bear the coccus of mould plain intestines (VRE) through the ages Able to bear the mould plain staphylococcus (VRSA) through the ages Able to bear the blue and green mould alkene intestines bacillus subject bacterium (including NDM-1) of carbon It is able to bear the false form afterbirth fungus (MDR-PA) of copper green of medicine that multiple Suffused with and able to bear medicines not moving the bacillus (PDR-AB) Produce ESBL intestines bacillus subject bacterium It is able to bear the tubercle bacillus of medicine (XTB) that multiple 4.Why ability medicine able to bear the medicine bacterium? The bacterium is able to bear medicines to belong to a kind of natural phenomena, resulted from little biological evolution through the ages. The drug resistance of the bacterium is the result that the bacterium evolves and chooses, the abuse of antibiotic has aggravated the formulation that bacteria are able to bear nature. The bacterium will produce the mutation able to bear the nature gene in the course of growing and breeding, at the choice pressure of using antibiotic, are able to bear the nature bacterium being screened out and the advantage is bred. The abuse of antibiotic mainly has two kinds of forms: First, abuse antibiotic in human disease treatment; Another one is that animal's feed adds the question of antibiotic. There are statistical data that show, about half of the total output of antibiotic is used in the human clinical treatment in the world, the remaining half have been used in the animal husbandry feeding. Producing the bacterium able to bear medicine is produced and able to bear medicines through the following ways: The bacterium changes oneself structure, and the antibacterial medicine is combined, avoid antibacterial medicine function; The bacterium produces various enzymes, destroys the antibacterial medicine (such as NDM-1) ; Construct one's own defence system, close antibacterial medicine enter passway of bacterium and enter antibacterial medicine of bacterium in the body, discharge the body of fungus already. 5.What is the main danger that antibiotic is able to bear medicine? Antibiotic is that the mankind opposes the effective means of the bacterial infection. The bacterium produced and is able to bear nature to make the therapeutic effect of originally effective antibiotic reduce or lose, have increased the treatment difficulty and medical cost to the patient. Antibiotic is able to bear the aggravation day by day of the medicine question, it is fewer and fewer to make the mankind deal with effective weapons of the bacterium. 6.Is there effective means to killed and able to bear the medicine bacterium? The mankind has especially carried on a large amount of research to being able to bear the medicine bacterium in and bacterium's struggle, mainly expect to overcome bacteria and able to bear medicines through the following ways: 1)Research and develop the new antibacterial medicine to being able to bear the medicine bacterium directly, expect to develop a new antibacterial medicine if a is able to bear the medicine fungus, this is the most ideal method, but the result is disappointing, the speed that the bacterium is able to bear medicines and produce far surmounts the antibacterial medicine and studies the speed, and antibacterial the medicine researches and develops the difficulty bigger and bigger. 2)Overcome and is able to bear the medicine mechanism, resume sensitiveness that the bacterium opposes the fungus medicine: Such as to bete - inner amide enzyme which the bacterium produced, study synthetic enzyme inhibitor, jointly use enzyme inhibitor and antibacterial medicine, it is able to bear medicines and give play to the role of sterilization against fungus medicine at the same time to overcome bacteria, up until now, have bete - inner amide enzyme inhibitor and penicillin (or the very beginning spore's fungus is plain) only clinically and suitable for using Compound application, it is still unable to overcome to able to bear the medicine mechanism other numerously; 3)Antibacterial medicine substitute products, for instance antibacterial polypeptide, phage,etc., but mostly remain during the course of studying in experiment, it is far away from clinical practice. According to studying in a large amount, the most effective method is to prevent the bacterium from being able to bear medicines, keep the antibacterial medicine activity, the final method to be achieved this purpose is: Use the antibacterial medicine rationally. 7.What diseases able to bear the medicine bacterium and caused? It is not big in the pathogenic respect difference to be able to bear medicine bacterium and sensitive bacterium, the bacterium is able to bear nature not changing its pathogenic ability, will not produce the new infection type either generally, after the main challenge lies in the bacterium is able to bear medicine, treat difficult, treat to the infeted efficient to reduce, case fatality rate increase and hospitalization cost will rise by a wide margin. 8.What is an infective disease? What differences are there? By various pathogen (including original body of virus, bacterium, mycoplasma, clothing, spirillum, parasite etc.) every Disease caused is all known as infective disease, the kind is very extensive. But some diseases among them can pass various ways, such as contact, digestive tract, respiratory tract , insect bite travel among normal human body, have stronger infection, very harmful to the society, this kind of disease is belonged to the infectious disease category, and pass certain hypervisor (including the law) Manage. ? The China fir � smells of fish and arrests and invites the arm >>Section of �� Xi ���� �� is quiet. Does the milk faint in the spit of fland of Yu's noise ����'s quiet ��'s bright humiliation smell of fish and arrest and invite the arm>? 9.How to prevent infective disease? The preventing from of infective disease can go on through the following way: 1)Pay attention to personal hygiene, including environmental sanitation, dietetic hygiene; 2)Take exercises, improve one's own resistance; 3)Use the antibacterial medicine rationally, it is able to bear the medicine fungus to produce and infect to reduce; 4)Some infectious diseases can be prevented through vaccine inoculation; 5)The medical organization strengthens the hospital to infect and control, a patient is able to bear the medicine fungus infecting reducing in hospital. 10.Can one's own immunity of the human body confront with each other and is able to bear the medicine bacterium? Is it the result how to get up? The human immune system only directs against pathogens, can oppose various infection through humoral immunity and cell immunity, but the immune system can't overcome bacteria and is able to bear medicines. 11.The bacterium exists and is able to bear the medicine problem in our country? It is a public health challenge that the whole mankind faces that the bacterium is able to bear medicines, which countries can escape by luck, but it is different to some extent in different areas to able to bear the medicine form. The bacterium exists too and is able to bear the medicine problem in our country, and is also relatively severe to a certain extent, need government, professional personnel, all citizens to make joint efforts to halt. 12.Prevented and controlled and able to bear the medicine bacterium what measures has Ministry of Health taken? Ministry of Public Health has taken the following measures in controlling and is able to bear medicines: 1)Use the antibacterial medicine rationally: Have made " The antibacterial medicine clinical practice guideline " ,Have issued " Committee's management rule of the medicine thing of the hospital " , " prescription management " ,Have set up " The clinical pharmacist's system " ,Require every hospital to set up and is infected with the disease department, deal with various infective diseases in speciality, still other " The hospital infects management " When; 2)Have set up " The bacterium is able to bear the medicine monitoring net " With " antibacterial drug use monitoring net " ,Find bacteria are able to bear medicines, assess the rational operating position of antibacterial medicine; 3)For example development " Sparking plan " " embryonic plan " Project educated in training waiting for the antibacterial medicine to use rationally. 4)Launch international cooperation: Able to bear medicines and control the good country (such as Sweden) with the bacterium Enter into cooperation, it is coordinated that good too with World Health Organization. 13.How about able to bear bacterium's situation in the world at present of medicining? Because all various regions and states employ managing the difference on in the antibacterial medicine, the bacterium is able to bear medicines greater difference exists in different areas, the Asian countries are (such as Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, India, Pakistan) , the intersection of South America and various countries, eastern Europe, and some the intersection of Western European countries and bacterium able to bear medicine to be comparatively conspicuous, the situation is severe; The bacterium of U.S.A., Canada, Northern European countries is able to bear the medicine situation and control better, especially the Northern European countries deserve the global model to follow. 14.A able to bear the intersection of medicine and bacterium, will travel, give, able to bear the medicine bacterium while being non- able to bear the intersection of medicine and gening? Evolve for a long time, what bacterium win able to bear medicine ability to already implant in bacterium's gene, exist on bacterium's chromosome, handed down from age to age, or exist dyeing a kind of external genetic stew - plasmid. Able to bear the intersection of medicine and bacterium, will travel, give, able to bear the medicine bacterium while being non- able to bear the intersection of medicine and gening through able to bear the intersection of medicine and plasmid, result in being able to bear medicines to spread. This is that a bacterium becomes the super main route able to bear medicine too. 15.What is NDM-1? A literature report of magazine of " lancet " will find and produce " intestines bacillus subject bacterium of NDM-1 on August 11, 2010, able to bear medicines to daily antibiotic of overwhelming majority. This report arouses extensive attention at home and abroad, the media calls that " super bacterium " . Discover, a kind of �� - inner amide enzyme gene exists in this bacterium, this person who finds gene thinks it originated from New Delhi of India, so name it as " A metal �� - enzyme - 1 of inner amide in New Delhi " (NDM-1) Gene. The bacterium with NDM-1 gene, can hydrolyze the amide antibacterial medicine (antibiotic, such as forest, first oxygen west forest, very beginning spores of west penicillin G, ammonia benzyl,etc.) in ��,Able to bear nature to antibiotic of these wide tables. 16.What bacteria have NDM-1 genes? At present, find with NDM-1 bacterium mainly for Escherichia coli, the intersection of pneumonia and the intersection of CrayResearch and the intersection of uncle and fungus, the intersection of sewer and the intersection of intestines and bacillus, rub the intersection of Morgan and fungus, Bowman move bacillus, the intersection of dung and the intersection of intestines and coccus,etc.. Bacterium these full of the intersection of terms and pathogen, some the intersection of human body and normal the intersection of fungus and groups of member, it does not usually cause a disease or pathogenic and non- strong. 17.Are there NDM-1 genetic bacteria that are able to bear medicines to all antibiotic? The bacterium with NDM-1 gene is able to bear medicines to most commonly used clinical antibiotic, for instance: Inferior amine banks up the south with earth, beautiful Luo PeiNan, oxygen piperazine penicillin - his thiazole Batan, , but to glueing more funguses plain E and taking the place of and adding and surrounding these plain 2 to plant the antibiotic sensitively. 18.What crowds are apt to infect the bacterium with NDM-1 gene? This kind is able to bear bacterial infection of medicine and mainly take place in the impatient of the medical organization, especially the intersection of organism and the intersection of immunity and low normal the intersection of fungus and groups of unregulated patient, infect position usually blood, urethra, lung and wound,etc.. 19.Can the bacterium with NDM-1 gene cause spreading in the crowd extensively? Discover the bacterium with NDM-1 gene mainly causes the infection in the impatient at present, will not spread in the ordinary crowd of the community extensively. 20.How about symptom and consequence infected after the bacterium with NDM-1 gene? Find bacteria with NDM-1 gene are mostly condition pathogens or the normal fungus group of human body with weak pathogenic strength at present, after this kind of bacterium has NDM-1 genes, its pathogenic and spread ability has not changed, but patient infect behind the with NDM-1 gene bacterium, will make it difficult not to treat. Infect the clinical manifestation and severity of disease of the patient of this kind of bacterium, mainly depend on infecting the position, factor of bacterium kind and the infeted's own health status,etc. infected. 21.Which countries and regions have found that carry the infeted of bacterium of NDM-1 gene at present? At present, the report finds that there is NDM-1 genetic bacterium's country that has India, Pakistan, Britain, Belgium, Holland, Austria, France, Germany, Kenya, Australia, Japan, American, our country Hong Kong and Taiwanese etc. 22.Commenting to NDM-1 of World Health Organization It is any to estimate with the suggestion? On August 20, 2010, to carrying the bacterium question of NDM-1 gene, World Health Organization makes the following to assess and propose: Multiple able to bear the medicine bacterium not to belong to a new problem, and will also continue appearing in the future, but carry the appearance of the bacterium of NDM-1 gene, indicate the bacterium is able to bear nature and already become a serious global public health problem day by day. World Health Organization proposes various countries strengthen bacteria and is able to bear nature monitoring; Carry out the preventive and control measure strictly, is infected with the control measure the hospital, control the multiple spread able to bear the bacterial strain of medicine, meanwhile, strengthen the relevant policy that medical personnel and the public use antibiotic rationally, carry out the regulation about stopping having no prescription to sell antibiotic strictly, reduce the production able to bear the medicine fungus. 23.Which should our country have on measure? 1)Pay close attention to NDM-1 is able to bear the research report of the medicine gene in the world, obtain information in time, assess its impact on our country. 2)Launch the monitoring that NDM-1 is able to bear the medicine gene and study, understand our country carries bacterium kind and quantity of NDM-1 gene, study and assess it to medical care and influence that the public health causes. 3)Further strengthen standardizing use of the clinical antibiotic medicines of medical organization at all levels, reduce the production able to bear the medicine bacterium. 4)Strengthen the hospital to infect and control, reduce the risk that patient's hospital infects. 24.How should the public make and reduce the production able to bear the medicine bacterium? The public should use antibiotic cautiously, the use for antibiotic should insist on " four no " Principle: Do not buy medicines at will: Most antibiotic is prescription drug, can't go to the pharmacy to buy at will, but should purchase medicines according to the prescription. Do not select medicine by oneself: Antibiotic used for dealing with the bacterium, antibiotic take effective in cure side to the ill, which kind of medicines to choose, need professional doctor or examine clinically, judge, it is unsuitable to follow the advertisement to select medicine by oneself. Non- arbitrary to take medicine: As to the antibiotic medicine stored in the small medical kit of the family, should use prudently, you had better take according to the doctor's order, must not abuse blindly after the hospital make a definite diagnosis of. Daily small diseases such as similar cold,etc., should not take the antibacterial medicine easily. No medicine will stop at will: Once use antibiotic to treat, should take medicine according to quantity on time, in order to maintain the valid density in the body of medicine.

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