China will build new rural basic old-age pension system Justice of raising sons to support one in one's old age frustratedly

China will build new rural basic old-age pension system Justice of raising sons to support one in one's old age frustratedly
Point out in the Communist Party of China Report to the 17th Party Congress, explores that establishes rural basic old-age pension system. The whole country last year " Two Conferences " Have, talk about too the government work report that Wen Jiabao makes: Encourage all parts to launch the rural endowment insurance pilot project. It is reported, " instruction on launching new rural social endowment insurance pilot project " will be reported to the State Council and reviewed. On February 19, minister Yin WeiMin of human resources and social security department has claimed, will launch the new rural endowment insurance pilot project in 2009. The one that merited attention is, " the central expenditure does not have one fen to use for peasant's supporting parents" Realistic state change. " according to present discussion, new rural social endowment insurance (hereafter referred to as " protects newly and agriculturally " )In the pilot scheme, the basic pension is a light spot. " In the Yang 's' view, the structure of the scheme is right, has looked after the current situation, have considered future social economic development too. The Yang 's is a director of research center of the social policy of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Zeng invited in conformity with human resources and social security portion it, participate in the new agricultural discussion of protecting the pilot scheme. Became the draft last October <>,Sketch the contours of the rural social endowment insurance in the future and move forward and plan: The pilot project of 2009, the rate of joining insurance is more than 50% in 2012, the rate of joining insurance is more than 80% in 2017, basically realized and covered completely in 2020. The news of coming from human resources and social security department is, this instruction will register in the State Council, the final decision of the State Council of the foundation launches the pilot project. After the basic pension of 60 yuan is planned to offer by state revenue and participated in the new agricultural discussion of protecting the pilot scheme, the Yang 's thinks, " basic pension " Merit attention. A reality is, little peasant households have unstable income, the getting of and pension is paid and got in touch with the premium more or less, hand in less to get little, can't guarantee most low standard of living. In the Yang 's' view, responsibility of government very important, should first protect, basically, offer the basic pension, this is in peasants participate in the endowment insurance and get the pension, the government offered extraly. He thinks, the basic pension can be adjusted according to the development of economy, the society. The average lowest living guarantee level in the national countryside is 57 yuan at present, it is more suitable that peasants' basic pension is fixed on 60 yuan. A copy of internal materials reveals, the bearing the way of 60 yuan has two schemes, first, the central authorities bear 20 yuan, bear 40 yuan in the locality, another kind of scheme is totally by the central commitments. And this present share " The instruction " China stipulates, the basic pension of 60 yuan is offered by state revenue, can arrange the fund in order to raise the local basic pension standard again in the conditional locality. This will correct one's mistakes " The central expenditure does not have one fen to use for peasant's supporting parents" Situation. It was expected to enjoy the basic pension in 15 to reach the age of 60 and pay the fees to add up to The state revenue has set aside the money, and a problem of how to assign. " instruction " China stipulates, reaches the age of 60, pays the fees and adds up to the ginseng sponsor for 15 years and can enjoy the basic pension of 60 yuan per month. Reach the age of 60 and pay the fees for over 15 years, one year for every increase, the basic pension can increase by 2 yuan. Having considered special circumstances too in scheme, those in 60 s, but pay the fees and add up to the persons of 15 years incompletelying, can pay arrears. The pilot project has already exceeded the 60 -year-old person while beginning, can enjoy and reduce or remit while paying arrears, age increases by a year old, service life decreases progressively for 3 years to pay the fees. Pilot project exceed 65 -year-old already begin, can enjoy the basic pension directly. " instruction " Emphasize at the same time, only a few years when the applicable pilot project just began of policy when reduced or remitted, and, when the old man enjoys and reduces or remits the policy, its eligible children must effect an insurance and pay the fees. The personal account wants to manage and allow the trans-regional transformation in real account According to " instruction " ,It is over 16 -year-old rural residents, can participate in and protect newly and agriculturally voluntarily. The rural endowment insurance adopts the personal account, manage the real account, prevent the endowment insurance from presenting the empty account. Peasant how much individual pay the fees and how much does it subsidize while being relevant, accumulate capital funds interest rate that produce to reciprocate every year, will remember into the account, peasants can see absolutely clearly. Having arrived at the age of 60, joining sponsors can follow the total value of fund and life expectancy at that time in the personal account, to confirm getting the standard of pension. If regard 70 years old as the average life span, the life expectancy after in 60 s is 10 years, shut for 120 months, then according to the total value of the fund divided by 120, as releasing the standard of each month in the account. If the life-span is over 70 years old, still continue getting the pension according to the original standard each month, this part is paid by the pool fund. In the thinkings of human resources and social security department, start in protecting and implementing the low standard newly and agriculturally. Imagine to protect fund while being agricultural while being new pilot stage tentatively, with at county level for check and calculate the intersection of equilibrium and unit. The standard regards 4%- 8% of the per capita income of previous year of local county as the standard to pay the fees, it can be voluntary to join sponsors to pay more, but does not exceed 30%. " instruction " Still stipulate, after protecting newly and agriculturally and implementing, allow the trans-regional transformation, and the standard according to effecting an insurance newly is checked and calculated, enjoy the corresponding treatment. Strive for before the end of the year the pilot project is covered with 10% of the counties in the whole country (municipal or district)ly Establish the opportunity of the new rural social basic old-age pension system, has been receiving much concern all the time. November 16 last year, at 2007- 2008 year the intersection of Chinese and the intersection of human evolution report and news conference, human resources and the intersection of social security and parts of rural chief of social insurance department Zhao hall country attend the meeting to make a speech, he says the condition of establishing the rural social basic old-age pension system progressively at present has already possessed. He says, the financial resources of our country increase fast, can solve peasants' endowment insurance, the population in the whole country 60 is 150 million now, among them the people in the countryside account for about 100 million. If the finance offers the basic pension of 60 yuan for each person every month to the rural old man of 60, one is 720 yuan in one year, 100 million rural old population in the whole country is 72 billion yuan, and equivalent to 2% of the central expenditure of 2008. Say with Zhao hall of country, " can set up the low-level, wide rural social basic old-age pension system that cover with 2% of the central expenditures with. " One near goal, will it be February 19 this year, in national human resources and at the working conference social security portion, human resources and Yin WeiMin, minister of social security department, say, will launch the new rural endowment insurance pilot project in 2009, try to assuare before the end of the year newly and agriculturally it is (municipal or district) that the pilot project is covered with 10% of the counties in the whole country . (Reporter Qian Hao Flat Beijing report) " solve the countryside and support parents, the governments at all levels should all take on the responsibility " Vice chief and relevant expert of rural social insurance department support parents for the countryside the difficult position feels pulse, land support parents and it raises sons to support one in one's old age to be already more and more frustrated justice recently, to the issue of supporting parents in the countryside, the staff reporter interviews relevant department head and expert separately, listen to them dissect the current situation of supporting parents of countryside of China, traced back to the rural the pension system, the practical suggestion that and offer. "A country can not be when there is no place to spending much in finance, go to make the rural endowment insurance. " --Liu parts of rural the intersection of social insurance and the intersection of department and vice long department " state revenue must bring the money from the intersection of dragon and human resources and social security, our tax revenue now, the central authorities take the major part, there should then be unity of ownership of property and duties and responsibilities. " --The vice director of research center of the social policy of the Yang 's " has one period, people think can support parents if peasants have land, the government can leave alone. But China has a large population and a few land, the land incomes of much places are very low, can't undertake to ensure the function. " --Lu study quiet the intersection of capital and University of Business Economics, work with director, department of social security, " having ideaing that raising sons to support one in one's old age really from ancient times, but that suited with agro-farming culture. By today, it is not all right to only support parents by the family. " --Tang Jun the intersection of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and the intersection of social policy and bad consequence of senilization, general secretary of research center, drop on rural The Beijing News: Peasants' question of supporting parents has been receiving much concern all the time, how to think about the urgency of problem of supporting parents in the countryside? Tang Jun (hereafter referred to as " Tang " ): China has already entered the senilization society, and the bad consequence of senilization will leave the countryside, this needs to solve the problem of supporting parents of the countryside urgently. The Beijing News: Why leave the countryside? Tang: China one in urban and rural areas two society, two structure cause a lot of young people of countryside enter the city, have substantiated the workforce there. So, the pressure that the city takes at the senilization feeling is smaller. Unless getting getting more different in but countryside, outflow a large number of young people,the elderly support parents, sources, services economic the consolations is a problem at arranging, emotion. The Beijing News: Will you please explain senilization and give the countryside pressure of supporting parents and bringing with figure? The Yang 's (hereafter referred to as " Yang " ): Talk about the senilization of the whole country first, first, aged population is huge, old population has already been up to 153 million over 60, among them the countryside exceeds 100 million; Second, senilization is fast growing, the old person accounts for total population's proportion and rises to 14% from 7% over 65, developed country spend time of the above for less than 45 year mostly, our country only spent 27 years. As for the countryside, the senilization level is higher than the cities and towns by 1.24 percentage points. And the poor old man in the countryside exceeds the city, it is 3 times that of city. Justice The Beijing News of supporting parents and raising sons to support one in one's old age more and more frustratedly of land: Peasants have land, can not this undertake to support parents and ensure the function? Liu CongLong (hereafter referred to as " Liu " ): There are several questions here, the output proportion that it is the land at first is dropping, in peasant's income in 1978, the proportion of primary industry accounted for 91.5%, dropped to 57.2% in 1998, the specific area had already dropped to below 1/3 now. Another question is that a land property right of China is an incomplete property right, all of collectives, can't be like Germany, peasants let future generation inherit and get a sum of pension from government the land old. Lu XueJing (hereafter referred to as " Lu " ): This has a problem of perception in fact, have one period, people think could supported parents if peasants have land, the government can leave alone. But China has a large population and a few land, a talent and more than 0.067 hectares of places on average, the land incomes of much places are very low, can't undertake to ensure the function. Allow the land to circulate now, but after circulating out, if the social insurance can not catch up with, the money that peasants supported parents can not be solved. The Beijing News: Most old men have children, " raise sons to support one in one's old age " Idea have from ancient times its,can't give play to by that family last function? Tang: Really have from ancient times " Raise sons to support one in one's old age " Idea,but that suit. Agro-farming society, population does not flow easily, there are " parents are here, do not travel faraway " Statement. But now, people should travel faraway, it is difficult to look after parents around, the economic base of a culture of filial piety is different. Thus, by today, it is not all right to only support parents by the family. Liu: The family supports parents and still weakens because children's quantity is reduced, the family miniaturizes, from 1980 to 2000, rural average household size reduce 3.65 people to by 5.54 people, this will make function that family support parents weaken. Peasants The Beijing News except basic old-age pension systems: How should the problem of supporting parents of the countryside be solved? Liu: Should have basic old-age pension system, except that land and function that family support parents weaken, the intersection of our country and most collective economy of place already " The empty shell " ,Collective support strength is being weakened. Moreover, contact market with peasants' production, living more and more closely, the new economic base demands to establish the rural social basic old-age pension system in conformity with market economy too. The Beijing News: The regulations that new China insures after establishing, how did the endowment insurance to the countryside stipulate at that time? Lu: " labor insurance regulations " in 1951, just directed against the urban worker, peasants did not enjoy. Yang: This relates to system, under planned economic system, the government pays out wages for workers, also issue the pension to workers. The management of peasants is to exercise by the people's commune, cooperative society, but peasants are all little scattered peasant households, the income is unstable, can't pay the endowment insurance like worker, it is just unable to draw the pension, it can only be every of savings which draw every family finally, including labour, a generation supports parents. About more than 50 million people participated in to protect agriculturally by 2006 The Beijing News: When does exploration of that pair of rural the pension system start? Liu: There was not peasant's endowment insurance before the eighties of last century, in the fifties, just solved the household enjoying the 5 guarantees, and " there is not three " The target, that is to fall into the poor person and have the society to relieve, have not benefited ordinary peasant Volkswagen. 1986, the country " the Seventh Five-Year Plan " Proposed setting up and protecting agriculturally, began to have peasants to go out to work as a temporary labourer at that time, the income increased to some extent, first the rural pilot project in regions of Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces, has set up pension fund. In 1991, Ministry of Civil Affairs reported to the State Council, proposed carrying on the rural endowment insurance pilot project in some counties, and chosen five counties of Shandong to launch a pilot project. 199 From 5 years to 1997, there are 2123 counties that introduced this system in 2900 counties in the whole country, effected an insurance the number of people was up to more than 82 millioned, the rate of joining insurance is 9.47%. The number of people has peaked to protect the coverage of the system and effect an insurance agriculturally. The Beijing News: Why does rate of joining insurance also peak less than 10%? Liu: In 1998, the country restructured the insurance, the rural endowment insurance entered and delayed rectifying period, the State Council proposed doing the business insurance in the countryside again in 1999, but it is relatively high to charge the business insurance, can't go on. Also in 1998, the administrative structure reform of the State Council, it was in the charge of Ministry of Labour that the function of supporting parents in the countryside was changed from Ministry of Civil Affairs. The 16th Representative Conference of the Communist Party of China was proposed in 2002 " Explore in the conditional area that sets up rural living out one's life in retirement, medical insurance and lowest living security system " ,The rural endowment insurance begins to do again. The Beijing News: How is rural endowment insurance restarted developed? Lu: It is not very good. In 2006, that participated in and protected agriculturally was probably more than 50 million people. Supports parents and breaks through and does not often face The Beijing News of difficult problem of the fund in the countryside: Support parents to break through not big in the countryside, what is the main reason? Lu: Except the policy, it is mainly a fund question, peasants' income is unstable, it is difficult to invest more endowment insurance fund. And government different from attitude of the cities and towns to countryside, at present, the intersection of city and 40 million more than retired ex-employee, the expenditure was more than 100 billion that the central government supported parents last year, but there is not one fen of endowment insurance to peasants. Yang: Even by the look of equal angle, can not lose peasants either. In recent years, the government begins to require recruitment enterprises to insure rural worker, but an economic crisis last year, they were forced to return to the township again, became peasants again. The Beijing News: There is no input in the state revenue, how was fund of the regional pilot project solved? Liu: While beginning to do the rural endowment insurance pilot project at county level in 1991, rely mainly on the fact that individual pay the fees, subsidize for complement collectively, government pay support on policy, but it is not the finance that is supported. The support on policy is that some places go through peasant's endowment insurance and reduce or remit the taxes appropriately. But rural society supports parents to need what the government replenish. The particularity of agriculture lies in it is a weak quality industry, produce, sell and not merely depend on the market, still influenced by multiple factors such as the natural condition,etc.. As the weak quality industry, ought to be protected. The Beijing News: Is there local finance to already begin to replenish the countryside and support parents? Liu: As far as we know, the place is put into already 464 counties of cover of the pilot peasant's endowment insurance of the finance at present. Among them, it was the finance at county level that was put into most, some finance at city level has begun input too during these years, provincial finance drop into, at least, have Beijing, Tianjin a few place only. The state revenue must take the money and support The Beijing News: Without unity support of state revenue, do not have unified rural social basic old-age pension system, what kind of questions will there? Lu: It is that the coverage rate is narrow at first, secondly ensure low competence, in this way the enthusiasm that peasants effect an insurance is not high. Still the measures of some places are only emergency, it is institutionalized not to have, just lack the continuation. The Beijing News: How to dissolve this question? Yang: The state revenue must take the money, our tax revenue now, the central authorities take the major part, there should then be unity of ownership of property and duties and responsibilities. Can be in our country, some people still think it is the local duties and responsibilities that peasants support parents. And should be taken the money by the central authorities by the look of aspect operated. Our all parts develop unevenly, if let the locality take the money, perhaps the local governments of Beijing, Shanghai are rich, but Tibet, Qinghai can not take out the money. Certainly, the base figure of the peasants of our country is too big, can't totally the state revenue take the money. Liu: In China, it is really difficult to totally take the money by the central authorities, it is difficult to undertake alone by any first class finance, so the governments at all levels should all bear responsibility. The state revenue can offer the most basic subsidy, can adopt different standards in different localities while operating specifically. The pilot scheme plans to issue The Beijing News in the name of the State Council: The various circles of society are all appealing for establishing rural social basic old-age pension system, do we possess such condition at present? Liu: Should say we face better opportunity, eleven five plans to propose establishing new rural social basic old-age pension system, should say that has defined the direction. And the total supply and demand of our country has already accounted for world the fourth, there is economic base. The pilot work in other a lot of places, has accumulated a lot of experiences too. The research of more than two years, human resources and social security department have already formed the first draft " about the instruction which launches the new rural social endowment insurance pilot project ", will report to the State Council and review soon, will arrange some state revenue, is used in peasant's endowment insurance, but concrete proportion and way are also in the discussion. The Beijing News: The question is that the economic situation of this year is not good, whether this will influence the development of pilot work. Liu: A country can not be when there is no place to spending much in finance, go to make the rural endowment insurance. The Beijing News: If this pilot scheme can pursue, whether can say our country's new rural basic old-age pension system is set up tentatively? Liu: Can say so, pilot methods in the place are all different now, after the scheme is issued, mean that there are unified systems. This scheme plans to issue in the name of the State Council this time, thus, once the scheme is passed, mean the preliminary setting-up of our country's new rural basic old-age pension system. (reporter's money Hao's flat Beijing report)

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